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Conductors and Insulators
All substances have some ability to transmit electrons but they differ greatly in the ease with which electrons pass through them. For instance, a copper wire conducts electricity readily, glass conducts so little currents that it is hardly measurable. Substances through which currents easily pass are the conductors. Substances strongly resisting the flow of current are the insulators. An insulator is also called a dielectric.
Almost all metals are good conductors of electricity but we consider silver to be the best conductor of all. Copper comes next, it is followed by aluminium. Copper is our commonly used conductor.
Some liquids also conduct electric currents. They even prove to be good conductors of electricity. Most gases conduct current under proper conditions of pressure and temperature. However, they are not as good electrical conductors as metals.
The most common materials used to resist electric flow are: glass, rubber, porcelain, paper, oil, cotton and silk. Non-ionized clean air is also considered to be a good insulator. It is often used for this purpose in electrical apparatus.
It would be quite wrong to think that conducting materials are the only materials used for the transmission of power. We need both conductors and insulators. We cannot do without the copper wire which conducts the electric power and, acts as a conductor. However, we have to use an insulator to prevent electrical losses.
In the transmission of power we generally employ the best conductors.
Пояснения к тексту:
for instance – например
however – однако
it would be quite wrong – было бы неправильно …..
the only – единственный
to do without – обходиться без
in order that – для того, чтобы
Письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту:
Conductors and Insulators
All substances have some ability to transmit electrons but they differ greatly in the ease with which electrons pass through them. For instance, a copper wire conducts electricity readily, glass conducts so little currents that it is hardly measurable. Substances through which currents easily pass are the conductors. Substances strongly resisting the flow of current are the insulators. An insulator is also called a dielectric.
Almost all metals are good conductors of electricity but we consider silver to be the best conductor of all. Copper comes next, it is followed by aluminium. Copper is our commonly used conductor.
Some liquids also conduct electric currents. They even prove to be good conductors of electricity. Most gases conduct current under proper conditions of pressure and temperature. However, they are not as good electrical conductors as metals.
The most common materials used to resist electric flow are: glass, rubber, porcelain, paper, oil, cotton and silk. Non-ionized clean air is also considered to be a good insulator. It is often used for this purpose in electrical apparatus.
It would be quite wrong to think that conducting materials are the only materials used for the transmission of power. We need both conductors and insulators. We cannot do without the copper wire which conducts the electric power and, acts as a conductor. However, we have to use an insulator to prevent electrical losses.
In the transmission of power we generally employ the best conductors.
Пояснения к тексту:
for instance – например
however – однако
it would be quite wrong – было бы неправильно …..
the only – единственный
to do without – обходиться без
in order that – для того, чтобы
Conductors and Insulators
All substances have some ability to transmit electrons but they differ greatly in the ease with which electrons pass through them. For instance, a copper wire conducts electricity readily, glass conducts so little currents that it is hardly measurable. Substances through which currents easily pass are the conductors. Substances strongly resisting the flow of current are the insulators. An insulator is also called a dielectric.
Almost all metals are good conductors of electricity but we consider silver to be the best conductor of all. Copper comes next, it is followed by aluminium. Copper is our commonly used conductor.
Some liquids also conduct electric currents. They even prove to be good conductors of electricity. Most gases conduct current under proper conditions of pressure and temperature. However, they are not as good electrical conductors as metals.
The most common materials used to resist electric flow are: glass, rubber, porcelain, paper, oil, cotton and silk. Non-ionized clean air is also considered to be a good insulator. It is often used for this purpose in electrical apparatus.
It would be quite wrong to think that conducting materials are the only materials used for the transmission of power. We need both conductors and insulators. We cannot do without the copper wire which conducts the electric power and, acts as a conductor. However, we have to use an insulator to prevent electrical losses.
In the transmission of power we generally employ the best conductors.
Пояснения к тексту:
for instance – например
however – однако
it would be quite wrong – было бы неправильно …..
the only – единственный
to do without – обходиться без
in order that – для того, чтобы
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Conductors and Insulators
Все вещества обладают способностью передавать электроны, но они сильно отличаются по легкости прохождения через них электронов. Например, медная проволока легко проводит электричество, а стекло проводит так малое количество тока, что его практически нельзя измерить. Вещества, через которые ток легко проходит, называются проводниками. Вещества, сильно сопротивляющие потоку тока, называются изоляторами. Изолятор также называют диэлектриком.
Почти все металлы хорошие проводники электричества, но мы считаем, что серебро является лучшим из них. За ним идет медь, затем алюминий. Медь - это наиболее распространенный у нас проводник.
Некоторые жидкости также проводят электрический ток. Они даже оказываются хорошими проводниками электричества. Большинство газов проводит ток при определенных условиях давления и температуры. Однако они не являются такими хорошими проводниками электричества, как металлы.
Самые распространенные материалы, используемые для сопротивления электрическому току: стекло, резина, фарфор, бумага, масло, хлопок и шелк. Неионизированный чистый воздух также считается хорошим изолятором. Его часто используют для этой цели в электрических аппаратах.
Было бы совершенно неправильно думать, что проводящие материалы - единственные материалы, используемые для передачи энергии. Нам нужны и проводники, и изоляторы. Мы не можем обойтись без медной проволоки, которая проводит электрическую энергию и действует как проводник. Однако нам нужно использовать изолятор, чтобы предотвратить потери электроэнергии.
При передаче энергии мы обычно используем лучшие проводники.