a) a^3 - 4a = a(a^2 - 4) = a(a-2)(a+2)b) ax^2 - ay^2 = a(x^2 - y^2) = a(x-y)(x+y)c) 3a^2 - 6ab + 3b^2 = 3(a - b)^2d) ax^2 + 2ax + a = a(x^2 + 2x + 1) = a(x+1)(x+1)
a) a^3 - 4a = a(a^2 - 4) = a(a-2)(a+2)
b) ax^2 - ay^2 = a(x^2 - y^2) = a(x-y)(x+y)
c) 3a^2 - 6ab + 3b^2 = 3(a - b)^2
d) ax^2 + 2ax + a = a(x^2 + 2x + 1) = a(x+1)(x+1)