8p² - 16p + 8 = 8(p² - 2p + 1) = 8(p - 1)²
4 - x² - 2xy - y² = (2 - x - y)(2 + x + y)
m⁵ - m³ + m² - 1 = (m² - 1)(m³ - 1) = (m + 1)(m - 1)(m² + m + 1)(m + 1) = (m + 1)²(m - 1)(m² + m + 1)
8p² - 16p + 8 = 8(p² - 2p + 1) = 8(p - 1)²
4 - x² - 2xy - y² = (2 - x - y)(2 + x + y)
m⁵ - m³ + m² - 1 = (m² - 1)(m³ - 1) = (m + 1)(m - 1)(m² + m + 1)(m + 1) = (m + 1)²(m - 1)(m² + m + 1)